Armed conflict and academic performance. A spatial approach for Colombia

Abstract This paper studies the incidence of Colombian armed conflict on academic performance secondary students at municipal level for years 2003 and 2017. By using a General Nesting Spatial model, results suggest negatively affects performance. In 2003, period high intensity, terrorist population attacks showed both direct indirect negative effects test scores. 2017, low only were reported variables forced displaced people, homicides, victims threat.